Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
PREAMBLE to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
PART I General Provisions and Basic Principles
Article 1: Nature and Scope of Obligations
Article 2: Intellectual Property Conventions
Article 4: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment
Article 5: Multilateral Agreements on Acquisition or Maintenance of Protection
PART II Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights
Section 1 – Copyright and Related Rights
Article 9: Relation to the Berne Convention
Article 10: Computer Programs and Compilations of Data
Article 12: Term of Protection
Article 13: Limitations and Exceptions
Article 14: Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms (Sound Recordings)
Section 2 Trademarks
Article 15: Protectable Subject Matter
Article 18: Term of Protection
Article 19: Requirement of Use
Article 20: Other Requirements
Article 21: Licensing and Assignment
Section 3 – Geographical Indications
Article 22: Protection of Geographical Indications
Article 23: Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits
Article 24: International Negotiations; Exceptions
Section 4 – Industrial Designs
Article 25: Requirements for Protection
Section 5 – Patents
Article 27: Patentable Subject Matter
Article 29: Conditions on Patent Applicants
Article 30: Exceptions to Rights Conferred
Article 31: Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder
Article 32: Revocation/Forfeiture
Article 33: Term of Protection
Article 34: Process Patents: Burden of Proof
Section 6 – Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits
Article 35: Relation to the IPIC Treaty
Article 36: Scope of the Protection
Article 37: Acts Not Requiring the Authorization of the Right Holder
Article 38: Term of Protection
Section 7 – Protection of Undisclosed Information
Section 8 – Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences
PART III Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights
Section 1 – General Obligations
Section 2 – Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies
Article 42: Fair and Equitable Procedures
Article 47: Right of Information
Article 48: Indemnification of the Defendant
Article 49: Administrative Procedures
Section 3 – Provisional Measures
Section 4 – Special Requirements Related to Border Measures
Article 51: Suspension of Release by Customs Authorities
Article 53: Security or Equivalent Assurance
Article 54: Notice of Suspension
Article 55: Duration of Suspension
Article 56: Indemnification of the Importer and of the Owner of the Goods
Article 57: Right of Inspection and Information
Article 58: Ex Officio Action
Article 59: Remedies
Article 60: De Minimis Imports
Section 5 – Criminal Procedures
Article 61
PART IV Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related Inter-Partes Procedures
Article 62
PART V Dispute Prevention and Settlement
Article 63: Transparency
Article 64: Dispute Settlement
PART VI Transitional Arrangements
Article 65: Transitional Arrangements
Article 66: Least-Developed Country Members
Article 67: Technical Cooperation
PART VII Institutional Arrangements; Final Provisions
Article 68: Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
Article 69: International Cooperation
Article 70: Protection of Existing Subject Matter
Article 71: Review and Amendment
Article 72: Reservations
Article 73: Security Exceptions
